EX200 無料問題集「RedHat Red Hat Certified System Administrator - RHCSA」
Part 1 (on Node1 Server)
Task 3 [Managing Local Users and Groups]
Create the following users, groups and group memberships:
A group named sharegrp
A user harry who belongs to sharegrp as a secondary group
A user natasha who also belongs to sharegrp as a secondary group
A user copper who does not have access to an interactive shell on the system and who is not a member of sharegrp.
harry, natasha and copper should have the password redhat
Task 3 [Managing Local Users and Groups]
Create the following users, groups and group memberships:
A group named sharegrp
A user harry who belongs to sharegrp as a secondary group
A user natasha who also belongs to sharegrp as a secondary group
A user copper who does not have access to an interactive shell on the system and who is not a member of sharegrp.
harry, natasha and copper should have the password redhat
正解：
* [root@node1 ~]# groupadd sharegrp
[root@node1 ~]# useradd harry
[root@node1 ~]# useradd natasha
[root@node1 ~]# usermod -aG sharegrp harry
[root@node1 ~]# usermod -aG sharegrp natasha
[root@node1 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin copper
[root@node1 ~]# echo "redhat" | passwd --stdin harry
[root@node1 ~]# echo "redhat" | passwd --stdin natasha
[root@node1 ~]# echo "redhat" | passwd --stdin copper
### For Checking ###
[root@node1 ~]# su - copper
This account is currently not available.
[root@node1 ~]# su - natasha
[root@node1 ~]# id
[root@node1 ~]# su - harry
[root@node1 ~]# id
[root@node1 ~]# useradd harry
[root@node1 ~]# useradd natasha
[root@node1 ~]# usermod -aG sharegrp harry
[root@node1 ~]# usermod -aG sharegrp natasha
[root@node1 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin copper
[root@node1 ~]# echo "redhat" | passwd --stdin harry
[root@node1 ~]# echo "redhat" | passwd --stdin natasha
[root@node1 ~]# echo "redhat" | passwd --stdin copper
### For Checking ###
[root@node1 ~]# su - copper
This account is currently not available.
[root@node1 ~]# su - natasha
[root@node1 ~]# id
[root@node1 ~]# su - harry
[root@node1 ~]# id
Create the user named eric and deny to interactive login.
正解：
useradd eric
passwd eric
vi /etc/passwd
eric:x:505:505::/home/eric:/sbin/nologin
Which shell or program should start at login time is specified in /etc/passwd file? By default, Redhat Enterprise Linux assigns the /bin/bash shell to the users. To deny the interactive login, you should write /sbin/nologin or /bin/ false instead of login shell.
passwd eric
vi /etc/passwd
eric:x:505:505::/home/eric:/sbin/nologin
Which shell or program should start at login time is specified in /etc/passwd file? By default, Redhat Enterprise Linux assigns the /bin/bash shell to the users. To deny the interactive login, you should write /sbin/nologin or /bin/ false instead of login shell.
Create a 512M partition, make it as ext4 file system, mounted automatically under /mnt/data and which take effect automatically at boot-start.
正解：
# fdisk /dev/vda
n
+512M
w
# partprobe /dev/vda
# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vda5
# mkdir -p /data
# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/vda5 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
# mount -a
n
+512M
w
# partprobe /dev/vda
# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vda5
# mkdir -p /data
# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/vda5 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
# mount -a
Install a FTP server, and request to anonymous download from /var/ftp/pub catalog. (it needs you to configure yum direct to the already existing file server.)
正解：
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# vim local.repo
[local]
name=local.repo
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
# yum makecache
# yum install -y vsftpd
# service vsftpd restart
# chkconfig vsftpd on
# chkconfig --list vsftpd
# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anonymous_enable=YES
# vim local.repo
[local]
name=local.repo
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
# yum makecache
# yum install -y vsftpd
# service vsftpd restart
# chkconfig vsftpd on
# chkconfig --list vsftpd
# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anonymous_enable=YES
Find Files
Find all files belonging to the user "jacques" and move them to the directory /root/findfiles under the root directory.
Find all files belonging to the user "jacques" and move them to the directory /root/findfiles under the root directory.
正解：
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /root/findfiles
[root@node1 ~]# find / -user jacques
[root@node1 ~]# find / -user jacques -exec cp -a {} /root/findfiles \;
# Verification
[root@node1 ~]# ll /root/findfiles/
[root@node1 ~]# find / -user jacques
[root@node1 ~]# find / -user jacques -exec cp -a {} /root/findfiles \;
# Verification
[root@node1 ~]# ll /root/findfiles/
Part 2 (on Node2 Server)
Task 5 [Managing Logical Volumes]
Add an additional swap partition of 656 MiB to your system. The swap partition should automatically mount when your system boots Do not remove or otherwise alter any existing swap partition on your system
Task 5 [Managing Logical Volumes]
Add an additional swap partition of 656 MiB to your system. The swap partition should automatically mount when your system boots Do not remove or otherwise alter any existing swap partition on your system
正解：
* [root@node2 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vdc 252:32 0 5G 0 disk
└─vdc1 252:33 0 4.1G 0 part
└─datavg-datalv 253:3 0 3.9G 0 lvm /data
vdd 252:48 0 5G 0 disk
vde 252:64 0 10G 0 disk
[root@node2 ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 1548 -2
[root@node2 ~]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1816 1078 104 13 633 573
Swap: 2047 1 2046
[root@node2 ~]# parted /dev/vdc print
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 4404MB 4403MB primary lvm
* [root@node2 ~]# parted /dev/vdc mkpart primary linux-swap 4404MiB 5060MiB
[root@node2 ~]# mkswap /dev/vdc2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 656 MiB (687861760 bytes)
no label, UUID=9faf818f-f070-4416-82b2-21a41988a9a7
[root@node2 ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 1804 -2
[root@node2 ~]# swapon /dev/vdc2
* [root@node2 ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 1804 -2
/dev/vdc2 partition 671740 0 -3
[root@node2 ~]# blkid
/dev/vdc2: UUID="9faf818f-f070-4416-82b2-21a41988a9a7" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="0f22a35f-02"
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
UUID=9faf818f-f070-4416-82b2-21a41988a9a7 swap swap defaults 0 0
[root@node2 ~]# reboot
[root@node2 ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 1804 -2
/dev/vdc2 partition 671740 0 -3
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vdc 252:32 0 5G 0 disk
└─vdc1 252:33 0 4.1G 0 part
└─datavg-datalv 253:3 0 3.9G 0 lvm /data
vdd 252:48 0 5G 0 disk
vde 252:64 0 10G 0 disk
[root@node2 ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 1548 -2
[root@node2 ~]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1816 1078 104 13 633 573
Swap: 2047 1 2046
[root@node2 ~]# parted /dev/vdc print
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 4404MB 4403MB primary lvm
* [root@node2 ~]# parted /dev/vdc mkpart primary linux-swap 4404MiB 5060MiB
[root@node2 ~]# mkswap /dev/vdc2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 656 MiB (687861760 bytes)
no label, UUID=9faf818f-f070-4416-82b2-21a41988a9a7
[root@node2 ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 1804 -2
[root@node2 ~]# swapon /dev/vdc2
* [root@node2 ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 1804 -2
/dev/vdc2 partition 671740 0 -3
[root@node2 ~]# blkid
/dev/vdc2: UUID="9faf818f-f070-4416-82b2-21a41988a9a7" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="0f22a35f-02"
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
UUID=9faf818f-f070-4416-82b2-21a41988a9a7 swap swap defaults 0 0
[root@node2 ~]# reboot
[root@node2 ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 1804 -2
/dev/vdc2 partition 671740 0 -3
Part 2 (on Node2 Server)
Task 6 [Implementing Advanced Storage Features]
Add a new disk to your virtual machine with a ize of 10 GiB
On this disk, create a VDO volume with a size of 50 GiB and mount it persistently on /vbread with xfs filesystem
Task 6 [Implementing Advanced Storage Features]
Add a new disk to your virtual machine with a ize of 10 GiB
On this disk, create a VDO volume with a size of 50 GiB and mount it persistently on /vbread with xfs filesystem
正解：
* [root@node2 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vdd 252:48 0 5G 0 disk
vde 252:64 0 10G 0 disk
[root@node2 ~]# yum install kmod-kvdo vdo
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl enable --now vdo
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl start vdo
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status vdo
[root@node2 ~]# vdo create --name=vdo1 --device=/dev/vde --vdoLogicalSize=50G
[root@node2 ~]# vdostats --hu
Device Size Used Available Use% Space saving%
/dev/mapper/vdo1 10.0G 4.0G 6.0G 40% N/A
[root@node2 ~]# mkfs.xfs -K /dev/mapper/vdo1
* [root@node2 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vde 252:64 0 10G 0 disk
└─vdo1 253:4 0 50G 0 vdo
[root@node2 ~]# mkdir /vbread
[root@node2 ~]# blkid
/dev/mapper/vdo1: UUID="1ec7a341-6051-4aed-8a2c-4d2d61833227" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="xfs"
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
UUID=1ec7a341-6051-4aed-8a2c-4d2d61833227 /vbread xfs defaults,x-systemd.requires=vdo.service 0 0
[root@node2 ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vdo1 /vbread/
[root@node2 ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vdo1 xfs 50G 390M 50G 1% /vbread
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vdd 252:48 0 5G 0 disk
vde 252:64 0 10G 0 disk
[root@node2 ~]# yum install kmod-kvdo vdo
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl enable --now vdo
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl start vdo
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status vdo
[root@node2 ~]# vdo create --name=vdo1 --device=/dev/vde --vdoLogicalSize=50G
[root@node2 ~]# vdostats --hu
Device Size Used Available Use% Space saving%
/dev/mapper/vdo1 10.0G 4.0G 6.0G 40% N/A
[root@node2 ~]# mkfs.xfs -K /dev/mapper/vdo1
* [root@node2 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vde 252:64 0 10G 0 disk
└─vdo1 253:4 0 50G 0 vdo
[root@node2 ~]# mkdir /vbread
[root@node2 ~]# blkid
/dev/mapper/vdo1: UUID="1ec7a341-6051-4aed-8a2c-4d2d61833227" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="xfs"
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
UUID=1ec7a341-6051-4aed-8a2c-4d2d61833227 /vbread xfs defaults,x-systemd.requires=vdo.service 0 0
[root@node2 ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vdo1 /vbread/
[root@node2 ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vdo1 xfs 50G 390M 50G 1% /vbread
You are new System Administrator and from now you are going to handle the system and your main task is Network monitoring, Backup and Restore. But you don't know the root password. Change the root password to redhat and login in default Runlevel.
正解：
When you Boot the System, it starts on default Runlevel specified in /etc/inittab:
Id:?:initdefault:
When System Successfully boot, it will ask for username and password. But you don't know the root's password. To change the root password you need to boot the system into single user mode. You can pass the kernel arguments from the boot loader.
1. Restart the System.
2. You will get the boot loader GRUB screen.
3. Press a and type 1 or s for single mode ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb queit s
4. System will boot on Single User mode.
5. Use passwd command to change.
6. Press ctrl+d
Id:?:initdefault:
When System Successfully boot, it will ask for username and password. But you don't know the root's password. To change the root password you need to boot the system into single user mode. You can pass the kernel arguments from the boot loader.
1. Restart the System.
2. You will get the boot loader GRUB screen.
3. Press a and type 1 or s for single mode ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb queit s
4. System will boot on Single User mode.
5. Use passwd command to change.
6. Press ctrl+d